Mirco Rubegni was born on October 31, 1984, in Montepulciano, in Tuscany's Val di Chiana, and started young: he completed his diploma at the Conservatorio F. Morlacchi in Perugia at just seventeen. He studied jazz privately with saxophonist Cristiano Arcelli starting in 2003, attended the Siena Jazz summer and winter seminars, and went on to earn a jazz diploma at the Conservatorio G.B. Martini in Bologna. As a student he won the ensemble music prize in Perugia (2000), the "A. Gori" musical prize (2000 and 2001), and a Club Soroptimist Chianciano-Montepulciano scholarship for best student, and took part in a brass seminar at Castrocaro Terme run with Rome's Accademia di Santa Cecilia.

Rubegni has built his career almost entirely as a sideman and ensemble player rather than as a recording leader: no release under his own name is indexed on Discogs. His most sustained association has been with pianist Giovanni Guidi, playing trumpet in Guidi's Unknown Rebel Band on both The Unknown Rebel Band (C.A.M. Jazz, 2009) and Rebel Band (Casa del Jazz, 2016), alongside saxophonist Daniele Tittarelli, trombonist Mauro Ottolini and bassist Giovanni Maier on the earlier record. He is a founding member of Dan Kinzelman's Ghost, the American-Italian saxophonist's own group, recording Stonebreaker (2014) and, a decade later, Unfall (Kohlhaas, 2025), a free-jazz session that also credits bassist Francesco Ponticelli as a composer. He is a recurring member of trombonist Gianluca Petrella's Cosmic Renaissance project, appearing on all three of its releases to date: Cosmic Renaissance (2016), Universal Language (Schema, 2022, on which he is also credited as a co-writer of the track "Nomads") and the Universal Message EP (Schema, 2023), a run of electronic, funk- and soul-inflected jazz records that also carry guest turns from saxophonist Beppe Scardino and British saxophonist/rapper Soweto Kinch.

He also plays in Unscientific Italians, an ensemble devoted to the music of guitarist Bill Frisell, recording all three of the group's releases (Play the Music of Bill Frisell Vol. 1 and Vol. 2, 2021-22, and the two-volume compilation that followed, on Hora Records), alongside saxophonists Francesco Bigoni and Cristiano Arcelli, his own former teacher, and pianist Alfonso Santimone. Since 2018 he has been first trumpet of the Umbria Jazz Orchestra, the Umbria Jazz Festival's own big band, with whom he recorded Ethan Iverson's Bud Powell in the 21st Century (Sunnyside, 2021), a suite for Iverson's quintet plus the Orchestra taped live at Umbria Jazz Winter in Orvieto, and Bill Frisell's Orchestras (Blue Note, 2024), a double live album pairing Frisell's trio with the Umbria Jazz Orchestra and, on its companion disc, the Brussels Philharmonic. Earlier in his career he was also a member of Dinamitri Jazz Folklore, an Afro-jazz project fronted by poet Sadiq Bey (Congo Evidence, Caligola, 2006), and of the electronic-jazz group Mop Mop, appearing on Kiss of Kali (2009) and Ritual of the Savage (2010).

His other jazz session work includes trumpet on Battista Lena's large-ensemble project I Cosmonauti Russi (Label Bleu, 2002), a session that also carries a trumpet credit for Enrico Rava and vocals from Maria Pia De Vito and Gianmaria Testa, and on Lena's Mi Ami? (2013); guitarist Domenico Caliri's Camera Lirica (2014), for which Rava wrote the liner notes; bassist Francesco Ponticelli's Ellipses (2014), produced by Paolo Fresu; and singer Maria Pia De Vito's electric quintet album This Woman's Work (Parco della Musica, 2023). He appears alongside Fresu again, and pianist Giovanni Guidi, on the Casa del Jazz concert release Jazzitaliano Live 2007 under Gianluca Petrella's direction, and on Nicola Conte and Petrella's People Need People (Schema, 2021). Two of his tracks were selected for Musica Jazz's Top Jazz critics' poll compilations (2007 and 2010).

Alongside his jazz work, Rubegni has played occasional horn sessions for Italian pop and rock artists, including Baustelle's Fantasma (2013), Jovanotti's Oh, Vita! (2017, produced by Rick Rubin), singer Dolcenera's Un Altro Giorno Sulla Terra single (2018), and two records by the Tuscan rock band Virginiana Miller. He has also recorded with the Tuscan brass-funk band Funk Off, including a session backing veteran Italian singer-songwriter Gino Paoli (Groovin' With Paoli, 2021).

Touring listings describe a working Mirco Rubegni Quintet and Trio performing My Louis, a Louis Armstrong tribute imagined with tuba and guitar in place of a standard rhythm section, and a separate quartet billing with pianist Ramberto Ciammarughi; no studio or live recording of either project has yet been found on Discogs, Spotify or Bandcamp. His own conservatory biography also states that he has performed as a soloist alongside Ryan Truesdell, Joe Lovano, Quincy Jones, Wayne Shorter, Paolo Fresu, Kurt Elling, Gil Goldstein, and Gregory Porter with Vince Mendoza, in more than twenty countries; no specific dated performance or recording with any of these musicians could be independently confirmed for this profile.

Rubegni's work sits mainly in a contemporary, post-bop-rooted jazz idiom, whether in Giovanni Guidi's chamber-scaled Unknown Rebel Band or in the more expansive Umbria Jazz Orchestra charts for Ethan Iverson and Bill Frisell. Alongside that core, two other strands run through his discography: a funk and groove side, heard in the Tuscan brass-funk band Funk Off and in the Jazz-Funk-tagged big-band writing of Vincenzo Genovese's Koinonia, and an electronic, nu-jazz side, most fully developed in Gianluca Petrella's Cosmic Renaissance, where his trumpet sits over samplers, programmed drums and soul and hip-hop-adjacent guest vocalists. His membership in Unscientific Italians, a dedicated Bill Frisell repertory band, points to a further interest in reworking a specific composer's book as a jazz ensemble project, the same instinct behind his own touring My Louis tribute to Louis Armstrong.