Eden Bareket was born in Argentina and raised in Israel, starting on alto sax at 9 before deciding at 15 to specialize in baritone. He trained at the Israeli Conservatory for Music in Tel Aviv on scholarships from the America-Israel Cultural Fund and the Ran Baron Memorial, studying with Erez Bar-Noy, Yuval Cohen, Amit Golan, and Avishai Cohen. In 2010, he was selected to perform an original composition at Carnegie Hall as part of a Weill Institute Young Artists Workshop directed by Dave Douglas.

He moved to New York in 2013 and quickly became an in-demand sideman, ranging from the traditionalist Eyal Vilner Big Band to drummer Ari Hoenig's adventurous nonet to the Anbessa Orchestra's Ethiopian jazz grooves. He has performed at Carnegie Hall and Jazz at Lincoln Center, and recorded with Ari Hoenig and saxophonist Chad Lefkowitz-Brown.

As a leader, he has released three trio albums on Fresh Sound New Talent: Choice (2016), Night (2019), and Day Dream (2021).

Bareket's core identity is built around the baritone saxophone as a lead voice, a less common choice in contemporary jazz, drawing on both a straight-ahead post-bop trio format on his own records and a wide range of ensemble contexts as a sideman, from big band charts to Ethiopian-jazz grooves.