Ronen Shmueli graduated the Tel Aviv School of Arts with honors in 2002, the Givatayim Conservatory's piano department with honors in 2004, and Thelma Yellin High School of the Arts' jazz program with honors in 2005, the same year he won the school's Thelma Yellin Award for Jazz. He served three years in the IDF Orchestra as a piano and keyboard player and arranger, earning "Outstanding Musician" recognition, before studying at the Rimon School of Jazz and Contemporary Music and then winning a full scholarship to Berklee College of Music in Boston, where he studied with Joanne Brackeen, Hal Crook, Terri Lyne Carrington, Ralph Peterson Jr. and Greg Osby, graduating in 2011 — a graduation year independently confirmed by a Berklee institutional publication that separately identifies him as "a 2011 graduate."

He returned to Israel to direct the Rimon Jazz Institute, a partnership program between Rimon and Berklee backed by the Beracha Foundation, and serves as artistic director of its "Rimon Jazz" and "Rimon Jazz Underground" concert series, alongside teaching in Thelma Yellin's jazz department. In that role he has produced and musically directed programs reported to have featured guest artists including Anat Cohen, Phil Woods and Billy Cobham — claims found through search rather than independently re-verified on a live source, and offered with that caveat. He has performed as leader or sideman at the Tel Aviv Jazz Festival, the Red Sea Jazz Festival and the Givatayim Jazz Festival, and reportedly toured the US and Europe. In 2023 he organized and arranged a tribute concert marking the 30th anniversary of the late Israeli singer-songwriter Oz Shelach's "At Li Layla," bringing together, per the event's own listing, "some of Israel's best jazz musicians."

He leads the Ronen Shmueli Quintet, whose signature project reworks Israeli and Mizrahi popular song — material by Jo Amar, Zohar Argov and Avihu Medina — into modern-jazz arrangements, framed in performance listings as "Hebrew Jazz." The quintet's one studio album, The Pike, self-released via Bandcamp in October 2019 from sessions recorded in 2014, features flutist Jeremy Bosch, trombonist Yonatan Voltzok, bassist Tamir Shmerling and drummer Jonathan Pinson, with saxophonist Alexander Levin guesting on the title track. He also appears as a featured guest, alongside saxophonists Daniel Zamir and Gadi Stern, on the 2024 self-released album Atarayo by the group KENS.

Shmueli's career runs on two tracks that meet at the Rimon Jazz Institute: an institutional one, built on a Berklee education and a decade-plus of directing a nationally recognized jazz program, and a performing one, centered on his quintet's project of translating well-known Israeli and Mizrahi songs into a modern post-bop idiom. That second track — jazz arrangements of Jo Amar, Zohar Argov and Avihu Medina material — is the more distinctive part of his profile and the reason his one studio album stands apart from a standard-repertoire date.